Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are the silent 'heroes' of our immune system, with the function of protecting the body from infections and diseases. Leukocyte testing plays a crucial role in diagnosing infections, monitoring immune function, and managing various medical conditions. Leveraging various testing methods empowers healthcare providers to make informed decisions and promote better health outcomes for patients.
Leukocytes are a type of blood cell produced in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues. They circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system, continuously monitoring for signs of infection, inflammation, or cell damage. There are several types of leukocytes, each with specific functions in immune defense:
- Neutrophils: They are the first responders to infections, engulfing and destroying bacteria and foreign particles.
- Lymphocytes: They produce antibodies to fight infections and play a role in regulating the body's immune responses.
- Monocytes: These cells can differentiate into macrophages, which engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.
- Eosinophils and Basophils: They are involved in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and inflammation regulation.
Leukocyte testing is often part of a complete blood count (CBC) and serves several important functions in healthcare, including:
- Infection Detection: Elevated leukocyte counts indicate the presence of infection or inflammation in the body, aiding healthcare providers in diagnosing and monitoring infections.
- Assessment of Immune Function: Leukocyte counts provide insights into the overall health and function of the immune system. Abnormal counts may indicate immune disorders or an overactive immune response.
- Diagnosis of Blood Disorders: Changes in leukocyte counts can help diagnose blood disorders such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloproliferative disorders.
- Monitoring Treatment Response: Changes in leukocyte counts can indicate how well the body is responding to treatments such as chemotherapy or antibiotics.
Methods of Leukocyte Testing
Several methods are used to test leukocyte counts:
- Manual Differential: Laboratory technicians examine stained blood smears under a microscope to manually count and differentiate white blood cells.
- Automated Cell Counters: These instruments use flow cytometry or impedance technology to rapidly and accurately count white blood cells, providing a complete blood count within minutes.
Isotekindo itself has a 3-diff hematology analyzer product capable of examining 22 hematological parameters besides white blood cells. By using the FortaceDX H380 impedance method, it can provide quick and accurate leukocyte examination results for diagnosis confirmation. One of the advantages of FortaceDx is having the highest throughput in the 3-Diff analyzer group, which is 80 tests/hour. It also has internal controls and calibrators and has obtained a domestic medical device registration number (AKD) from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (KEMENKES RI).
Reference:
- Siti Hasnah, dkk. 2021. Analisis Jumlah Leukosit pada Penderita Ulkus Diabetikum. Jurnal Kesehatan Program Studi Teknologi Laboratorium Medic Universitas Binawan Jakarta.
- Riley, L. Rupert, J. 2015. Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis. Am Fam Physician.
- Weatherspoon, D. Healthline. 2017. WBC (White Blood Cell) Count.
