Swab sampling is very popular nowadays, especially in diagnosing COVID-19 using PCR. However, in fact, swab sampling is not only for COVID-19 cases, but also for various types of viruses and other microorganisms in various locations, for example from the oral cavity, nasal cavity and even anus.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is sudden kidney damage that occurs within hours or days. AKI causes a buildup of waste products in the blood, making it difficult for the kidneys to maintain fluid balance in the body. AKI can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. AKI often occurs in patients who are in hospitals, in intensive care units, and especially in older adults. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg / dL within 48 hours or a 50% increase in serum creatinine values ​​within 7 days. Baseline serum creatinine is the baseline serum creatinine value. AKI onset starts from the first day when the serum creatinine value changes. The AKI stage was determined by the peak value of serum creatinine levels after AKI detection, with an increase of 1.5-1.9, 2.0-2.9, and ≥3 times from the baseline which were then classified as stages 1, 2, and 3.

Selain tes PCR, rapid test juga kerap digunakan sebagai pemeriksaan awal COVID-19. Sesuai namanya, hasil rapid test bisa langsung diketahui dalam waktu yang singkat, biasanya hanya sekitar beberapa menit atau paling lama 1 jam untuk menunggu hasil pemeriksaan keluar. Tes antigen biasanya digunakan dalam diagnosis patogen pernapasan, termasuk virus influenza

Berbagai cara untuk penegakan diagnosa penyakit COVID-19, dimana PCR sebagai gold standard. Namun, saat ini diperlukan pemeriksaan yang lebih cepat tetapi tetap akurat. Saat ini, terdapat dua jenis rapid test yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan virus corona (SARS-CoV-2) di dalam tubuh manusia yaitu rapid test COVID-19 antigen dan rapid test COVID-19 antibodi

Currently, there are many diseases related to air quality, both minor and even serious diseases such as ARI, tuberculosis, pneumonia, Covid-19 and even cancer. According to data, there are almost 90% of people who live in cities, more often spend their time in closed rooms, be it for work, study, rest, or discussion. Therefore, at this time it is necessary to think about how to create healthy air so that it can avoid diseases caused by the air. WHO recommends the use of Ulta Violet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) technology such as OXIRA type XG which can be used by the general public in closed spaces. Oxira type XG has been proven effective in reducing the infectious power of microorganisms by up to 85%.